The next improvement of the model






To reflect the order of filling outside electron shells we will displace briquettes in a horizontal plane as it is shown in figure 14.

Figure 15. The extended pyramidal  system of elements. Updating 2.

Height of floors of the design in the straightened state (phase) corresponds generally to the order of electron shells filling. The shells of elements standing higher in the pyramid are filled before the ones standing lower.

So, we have a 3D model of Mendeleyev's periodic system, to which it is possible to give the following explanations:

1. Periods. 

A period corresponds to a horizontal layer (module, stratum) in a not straightened (compressed, oblate) phase of the submitted animation. Thickness of each period makes 2 briquettes (building-blocks) – 2 conventional units. 

The amount of briquettes in such a double (twofold) layer corresponds to the amount of elements in the period and to the Principle Quantum Number N. 

The top layer with the thickness of 1 conventional unit in each layer corresponds generally to elements with not coupled electrons. The bottom layer corresponds to elements, for which coupled electrons are available.

2. The elements, properties of which are defined by external electron subshells s, p, d, f, g, are painted in individual colours. 

2.1. Red block "s" (square cross section, thickness (height in the compressed phase) - 18 conventional units) 

2.2. Green block "p" (16 conventional units) 

2.3. Dark blue block "d" (12 conventional units) 

2.4. Yellow block "f" (8 conventional units) 

2.5. Violet block "g" (4 conventional units) theoretically predicted. 

Every vertical block, except for the red one, in the top projection has the form of gnomon and supplements thecross section of the whole design at its level up to a square.
 
 

3. Display on model of the order of electron subshells filling. 

Blocks of one colour in each layer - period are displaced in the vertical direction so that they would go in the order hs > hg > hf > hd > hp, where hn - height  of the n-th block corresponds to the straightened (extended) phase of the design. In the general case the lower a layer is in the design, the later orbits of these atoms are filled with electrons. Singularities and exceptions (the electron configurations of lanthanides, actinides and also some other elements) can be agreed on separately.
 

NEXT

VisMath HOME